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1. Oddities of this odd war
- General Grant owned slaves while Robert E. Lee did not
- 12 of our first 18 Presidents were slave holders
- Both Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln were from Kentucky
- At the start of the war, President Lincoln said that if a southern state would stay out of the Civil War, they could
keep their slaves
- President Lincoln also wrote to a New York Newspaper saying that if he could end the Civil War without freeing a single
slave, he would.
2. Causes of the Civil War
- The war was fought over...
A. Competing Nationalism
B. Political Turmoil
C. The Definition of Freedom
D. The Preservation of the Union
E. The fate of slavery
F. The structure of our society and Economy
3. Differing Economies and Lifestyles
- The South
A. Agricultural
B. Business revolved around trade of Agricultural things
C. Only 1% owned slaves
*** Ruling Class politically, socially, and economically
D. Feared a centralized government
E. Wanted little or no taxes
- The North
A. Industrialized
*** 4/5 Factories were in the north
B. Few slaves
C. Cities were crowded and noisy
D. 7/8 of immigrants went north or west
E. Favored a strong central government
F. Willing to pay higher taxes
4. Slaves and Slavery, cause and effect
- Slaves
A. Limited to the black race
B. Permanent condition (usually)
C. Slave traders promoted it
- Slavery
A. Foreign slave trade abolished in 1808
B. 1 out of every 3 southerners was a slave
C. Slaves were often treated well, though not always
- Reaction to Slavery
A. Underground Railroad
B. Slave Rebellions
C. Abolitionists
D. Fire-eaters
5. Advantages of the north and south
- Northern Advantages
A. Population was several times higher
B. More factories
C. More industries
D. Better transportation sysyems
E. More of and a better navy
- Southern Advantages
A. Able to fight on home terrain
B. Had a military tradition
C. Used Resources to the greatest potential
6. Goals of the north and south
- North
A. Take the Mississippi River and cut the Confederacy in two
B. Cut off foreign taders / blockade
C. Keep the Confederate Army in the south
D. Take away the south’s war materials and food supply
E. Take Richmond, the new Confederate capital
F. Protect Washington D.C.
- South
A. Break the Blockade
B. Gain recognition from Britain and France
C. Fight a defensive war
7. Politics and Geography
- Politics
A. In 1854 the democratic party split in two, forming the Republican party. John C. Fremont was the first republican
candidate in 1856 but lost the presidential election.
B. Abraham Lincoln was the first republican to win a Presidential election, defeating Douglas, Bell, and Breckinridge
- Geography
A. The Confederate capital (Richmond) was only one hundred miles away from the Union capital (Washington D.C.)
8. Soldiers of the Civil War
- Officers
A. Lived much better than enlisted men
B. Tents held only one or two officers
C. Allowed to bring personal gear
*** Clothing
*** Furniture
*** Etc
D. Family could often visit them if you were a high ranking commissioned officer
- Enlisted
A. Had to carry belongings on their back
B. Tents would hold up to twelve men
*** Sibley tent
*** Wedge tent
C. Had to march with 30-40 pounds for as many as 20 miles a day
D. Less pay, and sometimes never paid
9. Weapons of the Civil War
- The most common weapons during the Civil War were the Enfield and the Sprinfield Rifles, both muzzleloaders but rifled.
- The sharpshooters of the 1st and 2nd US used the sharps rifle which was a breechloader.
10. Boredom
- As one Ballou wrote to his wife ...
A. Soldiering is 99% boredom and 1% sheer terror
- A soldier spent ....
A. 65% time in camp
B. 30% marching or bivouacking
C. 5% fighting
- Battling Boredom
A. Cards (most popular game was poker)
B. Chess, checkers, and dominoes
C. Writing and receiving letters
D. Journals and diaries
E. Smoking and drinking
F. Getting your picture taken
G. Whittling
H. Music and singing
11. Death from disease, not battle
- The number one killer of soldiers during the civil war was disease. Despite the numbers of men killed during battle,
disease was more prevalent. The doctors and soldiers knew nothing of germs and how to combat it. Of the 650,000+ soldiers
who died during the war, almost 400,000 would die of diseases.
- Most common diseases
A. Smallpox
B. Pneumonia
C. Measles
D. Dysentary
- Five things that soldiers on both sides suffered from
A. Disease
B. Poor food
C. Poor water supplies
D. No shoes or other articles of clothing
E. No shelter for rainy or scorching days
F. Lack of Medical attention for wounds
12. Uniforms of the soldiers
- What they were issued
A. Kepi or Forage cap
B. Frock coat
C. Trousers with suspenders
D. Cartridge box
E. Cap box
F. Belt
G. Brogans (shoes)
H. Haversack
- How to tell the difference between armies
A. US officers had shoulder bars while CS officers had decorated sleeves
B. Insignia's on hat, belt, cartridge box, or coat
C. COLOR was not a reliable source
*** Some Confederate regiments/companies wore blue while some Union regiments/companies wore grey
13. Battles of the Civil War
- 1st Bull Run / 1st Manassas
A. July 21, 1861
B. Commanders
*** Brigadier General Irvin McDowell [US]
*** Brigadier General Joseph E. Johnston [CS]
*** Brigadier General P.G.T. Beauregard [CS]
C. CS was camped 20 miles from Washington D.C.
D. CS reinforcements arrived and US troops retreated
E. CS victory
- Results of the battle
A. George B. McClellan replaces Irvin McDowell
B. Joseph E. Johnston was wounded shortly after and replaced by Robert E. Lee
C. 4,700 casualties
D. John Pope later replaces George B. McClellan
- 2nd Bull Run / 2nd Manassas
A. August 28-30, 1862
B. Commanders
*** Major Genreal John Pope [US]
*** General Robert E. Lee [CS]
*** Major Genral Thomas J. Jackson [CS]
C. Lee sent ½ of his force to keep Pope busy as J.E.B. Stuart raided Pope's headquarters
D. Jackson came to Lee's aid, traveling 62 miles in less than 48 hours
E. CS Victory
- Results of the battle
A. 22,180 casualties
B. Pope sent to fight the Indians
C. McClellan reinstated
D. High tide of the Confederacy
- Antietam / Sharpsburg
A. September 16-18, 1862
B. Commanders
*** Major General George B. McClellan [US]
*** General Robert E. Lee [CS]
C. US Corporal and Sergeant found a cigar and the battle plans wrapped around it
D. Fighting all day on September 17
E. CS reinforcements arrive at dusk
F. McClellan waited and Lee retreated across the Potomac River
G. Inconclusive battle
- Results of the battle
A. 23,00. casualties
B. US strategic victory
C. Britain stayed out of the war because the south didn't win
D. Lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation because the north did not lose
E. McClellan replaced by Ambrose Burnside
- Fredericksburg
A. December 11-15, 1862
B. Commanders
*** Major General Ambrose E. Burnside [US]
*** General Robert. E. Lee [CS]
C. Lee's men were entrenched int he city of Fredericksburg, but Burnside continued to throw his men, wave after wave,
into the CS lines
D. CS victory
- Results of the battle
A. Burnside replaced with "Fighting Joe" Hooker
B. Union morale dipped to the lowest in the war
- Chancellorsville
A. April 30 - May 6, 1863
B. Commanders
*** Major General Joseph Hooker [US]
*** General Robert E. Lee [CS]
*** General Thomas J. Jackson [CS]
C. Considered Lee's finest battle and greatest victory
D. Jackson was wounded after the first day of the battle by his own men
E. CS victory
- Results of the battle
A. 24,000 casualties
B. "Stonewall" Jackson had been killed
C. Lee was devastated at his friends death
- The taking of the Mississippi
A. Ulysses S. Grant was commander of the western front
B. Captured forts ...
*** Henry
~~~~~ February 6, 1862
~~~~~ 119 casualties
*** Donelson
~~~~~ February 11-16, 1862
~~~~~ 17,398 casualties
C. By July 1863, the Mississippi river was in US hands, except for Vicksburg
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