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- Vicksburg
A. May 18 - July 4, 1863
B. Commanders
*** Major General Ulysses S. Grantr [US]
*** Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton [CS]
C. CS soldiers repeleld US soldiers six times, influiting many casualties
D. For 6 weeks Vicksburg was under siege
E. They surrendered July 4, 1863 wutg little hope and food
F. It had taken 18 months to capture the Mississippi
G. US victory
- Results of the battle
A. 19,233 casualties
B. The Confederacy was cut in two
C. Moral of CS troops fell while US troops rose
D. Boosted Grant's reputation, leading ultimately to his appointment as Gernal-in-Chief of the union armies.
- Gettysburg
A. July 1-3, 1863
B. Commanders
*** Major General George G. Meade [US]
*** General Robert E. Lee [CS]
C. Union victory
- Results of the battle
A. Stopped the Confederate offensive
B. Considered the turning point of the war
- Appomattox Courthouse
A. April 9, 1865
B. Commanders
*** Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant [US]
*** General Robert E. Lee [CS]
C. Union victory
- Results of the battle
A. This was the final engagement of the war in Virginia
B. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia
14. Women of the war
- Northern Women
A. Harriet Beecher Stowe
*** Born on June 14, 1881 in Lichfield, Connecticut
*** Married Calvin E. Stowe on January 5, 1836
*** Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1851
*** Wrote Dred in 1856
*** Died in 1896
B. Clara Barton
*** Civil War work began in April of 1861 after the Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
*** Collected and distributed supplies to wounded soldiers
*** July 1862, she received permission to go behind the lines, eventually reaching some of the grimmest battlefield of
the war and serving during the sieges of Petersburg and Richmond.
*** Established the American Red Cross in 1881 and served as its director until her death
*** Died in 1912 at the age of 90 and is buried less than a mile from her birthplace in a family plot in Oxford Massachusetts.
C. Mary Todd Lincoln
*** Scorned by southerners as traitor to her birth but citize loyal to the union suspected her of treason.
*** Married Lincoln after three years of engagement.
*** Husband's assassination in 1865 shattered her.
*** After Tad died in 1871, she slipped into a world where poverty and murder pursued her.
*** Died in 1882, in the very same house that she and Lincoln were married.
D. Sarah Edmonds
*** Ultimate Soldier and Spy
*** Immigrated from Canada and dressed like a man even before the war began.
*** Enlisted/Fought as a soldier eventually becoming a spy
*** Left the army and was considered a deserter for many years afterward.
- Southern Women
A. Rose O'Neal Greenhow
*** Born in Maryland in 1817
*** Was imprisoned twice and finally exiled to the CS
*** Went overseas to draw Britain and France to the Confederacy
*** Became engaged to the second Earl Granville.
*** Returned to the south with money, but her boat went ashore. She fled the union soldiers, sbut her little boat capsized
and she drowned because of hte weight of gold sewn into her dress.
B. Harriet Tubman
*** Born in 1820 and originally named Araminta Ross
*** Married John Tubman in 1844 and changed her name to Harriet.
*** She ran away with her two brothers, but they turned back.
*** Worked as an army nurse, cook and spy during the war
*** Was called hte Moses to her people when she returned to help others escape from slavery.
15. Women's Clothing
- Chemise
- Corset
- Pantaloons
- Hoopskirt
- Petticoats (up to seven)
- Shirt
- Skirt (apron-optional)
- Vest
- Jacket, Shawl, or Overcoat
16. Firsts of the Civil War
- Railroad Artillery
- Land-Mine fields
- Military Pensions
- National Military Cemeteries
- Scopes for Rifles
- Flame Throwers
- Aerial Reconnaissance
- Machine Guns
- Repeating Rifles
- Fixed Ammunition
- The Secret Service
- Successful Submarine
- Field trenches
- Photography of Battle
- Ironclad Ships
- Revolving Gun Turrets
- Army Ambulance Corps
- Negro U.S. Army Officer
*** M.R. Delaney
- President Assassination
- Electronically exploded bombs and torpedoes
- Wide-scale use of Anesthetics for wounded
- Conscription
- The Medal of Honor
- Railroad Artillery
A. Cannons or mortars mounted on a railroad car. They were mainly used for sieges and bombardments, not for battles
- Aerial Reconnaissance
A. Both the union and confederate armies used balloons for reconnaissance. One southern balloon was called the "silk
dress balloon" because it was made from ladies silk Dresses, but the balloon was captured by Union troops
- Machine Guns
A. The Gatling Gun was invented by Dr. Richard Jordan Gatling, but was not commonly used because it was said to waste
to much ammunition.
- Repeating Rifles
A. It was not until late 1863 that many federal soldiers received army issued repeating rifles, and then, only the cavalry,
not the infantry got the new weapons. Repeaters, such as the Henry rifle, were breech-loading and fired a metallic cartridge.
A soldier with a repeater could fire 14 rounds compared to the 3 rounds a minute a soldier with a muzzle-loader was capable
of.
- Fixed Ammunition
A. The minie ball was introduced to battle during the Civil War. Instead of dropping the powder then the ball, they put
the powder and the ball together like modern rounds.
- Sucessful Submarine
A. The Confederacy produced the world's first successful submarine, the C.S.S. Hunley. The Hunley was located in 1995
on the floor of the Atlantic and was raised from the sea floor. The Hunley is now on display also.
- Field Trenches
A. Massive field trenches were finally made at the end of the Civil War and followed into the World Wars. These trenches
saved many soldiers lives and brought the wounded and death toll down greatly.
- Anesthetics
A. Thought it was hard to get anesthetics for all of the men, they did have different types. Morphine would also come
in Opium pills, and since they had no idea what addiction was, many of the soldiers came home from war addicted to opium after
being wounded. They would also use whiskey is no anesthetics were available.
- Conscription
A. The first conscription or draft, occurred during the Civil War. It began in 1863, but if you were rich enough, you
could buy a substitute.
- Photography of Battle
A. Matthew Brady is the most renowned photgrapher
- Medal of Honor
A. First time that the medal of honor was offered to soldiers. Two members of hte sharpshooters received this award for
their bravery.
- National Cemetery
A. Arlington National Cemetery is the most famous of these and was actually started because Mrs. Lee aske dthat the soldiers
not bury the dead union soldiers in her rose garden, but they did anyway just to spite her.
17. Numbers of the Civil War
- Age to Number - Percent to Age
21 - 2,700,000 30% - 21 or less
18 - 1,000,000 30% - 21 to 24
17 - 800,000 30% - 24 to 30
16 - 200,000 10% - 30 or more
15 - 100,000
13 - 300
9 - 25
- George Zimpleman went through over 400 battles and skirmishes
- Winfield Scott was seventy-five at the beginning of the war
18. Andersonville
- Captain B. Winder was sent to Andersonville to construct a prison. The prison was 16.5 acres and supposed to hold 10,000
prisoners. It was rectangular shaped and had a small creek running through the center.
- Prisoners began arriving in late February of 1864 and by that June, the prison population had risen to 20,000 prisoners.
- The prison was extended to 26.5 acres, but by August 1864, over 33,000 prisoners were housed there.
- In early September, Sherman’s troops occupied Atlanta and there were fears that he was going to raid Andersonville,
so by mid-November, all but about 1,500 prisoners were held there.
- During the 15 months which Andersonville opertated, almost 13,000 prioners had died of malnutrition, exposure, disease,
poor sanitation, and overcrowding. More than 45,000 soldiers had been confined there.
- At the end of the war, the camp commander, Colonel Henry Wirtz was sent to Washington D.C. to face a war crimes trial.
He was found guilty and later hung.
19. Camp Douglas
- Located in Southern Chicago and was the Andersonville of the north
- Stephen A. Douglas dies suddenly at 48 years old and his property becomes the site of the prison.
- On February 21, 1862, 5,000 prisoners sent to Camp Douglas
- Prison was to hold 8,000 prisoners but 9,000 prisoners were confined there by June of 1862.
- 500 had died by June of 1862.
- 8 women found and one child found among the prisoners
- In fall of 1862, 7,000 prisoners are released
- September 28, 1862, 8,000 newly arrived Yankee prisoners brought to Camp Douglas.
- The Prisoners try to burn their way out of the camp and 1/3 of the camp is destroyed.
- Union prisoners released and 3,000 confined there in January of 1863.
- Deaths were no longer recorded after February 28th after 800 men died in 90 days.
- By June of 1863, the camp is empty once again.
- 2,500 prisoners arrive at Camp Douglas.
- Benjamin Sweet takes command in May of 1864.
- No fruits or vegetables were sent to Camp Douglas.
- 304 more prisoners die by November.
- Martial Law is enacted in Chicago and Colonel Sweet is in command of both Chicago and Camp Douglas.
- 100 civilians arrested and Sweet is promoted to General.
- Over 12,000 in Camp Douglas by January of 1865 with an 8% death rate.
- On May 8th the remaining prisoners are released and there may have been as many as 10,000 deaths due to the conditions
at Camp Douglas.
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